Abstract

Novel effective treatments are needed for recurrent IDH mutant high-grade gliomas (IDHm HGGs). The aim of the multicentric, single-arm, phase II REVOLUMAB trial (NCT03925246) was to assess the efficacy and safety of the anti-PD1 Nivolumab in patients with recurrent IDHm HGGs. Adult patients with IDHm WHO grade 3-4 gliomas recurring after radiotherapy and ≥ 1 line of alkylating chemotherapy were treated with intravenous Nivolumab until end of treatment (12 months), progression, unacceptable toxicity, or death. The primary endpoint was the 24-week progression-free survival rate (24w-PFS) according to RANO criteria. From July 2019 to June 2020, 39 patients with recurrent IDHm HGGs (twenty-one grade 3, thirteen grade 4, five grade 2 with radiological evidence of anaplastic transformation; 39% 1p/19q codeleted) were enrolled. Median time since diagnosis was 5.7 years, and the median number of previous systemic treatments was two. The 24w-PFS was 28.2% (11/39, CI95% 15-44.9%). Median PFS and OS were 1.84 (CI95% 1.81-5.89) and 14.7 months (CI95% 9.18-NR), respectively. Four patients (10.3%) achieved partial response according to RANO criteria. There were no significant differences in clinical or histomolecular features between responders and non-responders. The safety profile of Nivolumab was consistent with prior studies. We report the results of the first trial of immune checkpoint inhibitors in IDHm gliomas. Nivolumab failed to achieve its primary endpoint. However, treatment was well tolerated, and long-lasting responses were observed in a subset of patients, supporting further evaluation in combination with other agents (e.g. IDH inhibitors).