Keratin nanoparticles derived from feather waste for novel antibacterial delivery.

in International journal of biological macromolecules by Mona Pakdel, Zahra Moosavi-Nejad, Rouha Kasra Kermanshahi, Nushin Hosano, Elahe Mobarak Qamsari, Hamid Hosano

TLDR

  • The study demonstrates the potential of keratin nanoparticles as effective drug carriers in enhancing antibiotic efficacy and combating antibiotic resistance, offering a promising approach to preserve the efficacy of existing antibiotics.

Abstract

The global rise of bacterial resistance demands innovative strategies to enhance antibiotic efficacy. This study investigates keratin nanoparticles (KNPs) derived from waste chicken feathers as sustainable drug carriers. Antibacterial activity of KNPs was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli using antibacterial sensitivity assays, including disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration tests, while cytotoxicity was evaluated on human lymphoma cells. KNPs exhibited excellent biocompatibility, showing no cytotoxic effects on human cells or bacteria. Penicillin and vancomycin were successfully loaded onto KNPs at 4 °C, 25 °C, and 50 °C temperatures for 2 and 20-hour. Loading onto KNPs enhanced the antibacterial efficacy of penicillin and vancomycin by 4-fold and 3.8-fold, respectively, against S. aureus at 37 °C. Enhanced antibacterial efficacy was attributed to molecular interactions between keratin and penicillin, as demonstrated by molecular docking analysis. The analysis revealed that the β-lactam ring of penicillin was encapsulated within the keratin matrix, potentially shielding it from enzymatic degradation by penicillinase. This protective mechanism preserves the antibiotic's structural integrity and antibacterial activity. These findings highlight the potential of KNPs as effective drug carriers in combating resistance mechanisms. This research underscores the transformative role of sustainable biological macromolecules in modern medicine, offering a promising approach to combat antibiotic resistance.

Overview

  • The study investigates the use of keratin nanoparticles (KNPs) as sustainable drug carriers to enhance antibiotic efficacy.
  • The study evaluates the antibacterial activity of KNPs against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and their cytotoxic effects on human lymphoma cells.
  • The primary objective of the study is to explore the potential of KNPs as effective drug carriers in combating resistance mechanisms.

Comparative Analysis & Findings

  • KNPs exhibited excellent biocompatibility, showing no cytotoxic effects on human cells or bacteria.
  • Penicillin and vancomycin were successfully loaded onto KNPs at different temperatures and durations, enhancing their antibacterial efficacy against S. aureus.
  • Molecular interactions between keratin and penicillin were observed, potentially shielding the antibiotic from enzymatic degradation and preserving its structural integrity and antibacterial activity.

Implications and Future Directions

  • The study highlights the potential of KNPs as effective drug carriers in combating antibiotic resistance, offering a promising approach to preserve the efficacy of existing antibiotics.
  • Future studies can explore the potential of KNPs in combination with other antibiotics and their effects on various bacterial species.
  • The development of sustainable biological macromolecules like KNPs could revolutionize modern medicine, optimizing the delivery of therapeutic agents and improving patient outcomes.
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