Abstract
In recent years, great strides have been made toward the development of immune cell-based therapies in the treatment of refractory malignancies. Primary T cells and NK cells armed with chimeric antigen receptors have achieved tremendous clinical success especially in patients with leukaemia and lymphoma. However, the autologous origin of these effector cells means that a single batch of laboriously engineered cells treats only a certain patient, leading to high cost, ununiform product quality, and risk of delay in treatment, and therefore results in restricted accessibility of these therapies to the overwhelming majority of the patients. Addressing these tricky obstacles calls for the development of universal immune cell products that can be provided 'off the shelf' in a large amount. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), owing to their unique capacity of self-renewal and the potential of multi-lineage differentiation, offer an unlimited cell source to generate uniform and scalable engineered immune cells. This review discusses the major advances in the development of PSC-derived immune cell differentiation approaches and their therapeutic potential in treating both hematologic malignancies and solid tumours. We also consider the potency of PSC-derived immune cells as an alternative therapeutic strategy for other diseases, such as autoimmune diseases, fibrosis, infections, et al.
Overview
- The study focuses on the development of immune cell-based therapies using pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) as a source of uniform and scalable engineered immune cells. The hypothesis being tested is whether PSC-derived immune cells can be used as an alternative therapeutic strategy for various diseases, including hematologic malignancies, solid tumors, autoimmune diseases, fibrosis, and infections. The methodology used for the experiment involves the review of existing literature on the development of PSC-derived immune cell differentiation approaches and their therapeutic potential. The primary objective of the study is to provide a comprehensive overview of the major advances in this field and their potential applications in clinical practice.
Comparative Analysis & Findings
- The study compares the outcomes observed under different experimental conditions or interventions related to the development of PSC-derived immune cells. The results show that PSC-derived immune cells have the potential to be used as an alternative therapeutic strategy for various diseases, including hematologic malignancies, solid tumors, autoimmune diseases, fibrosis, and infections. The study also highlights the major advances in the development of PSC-derived immune cell differentiation approaches and their therapeutic potential. The key findings of the study suggest that PSC-derived immune cells have the potential to be used as an alternative therapeutic strategy for various diseases, and that further research is needed to optimize the development of these cells for clinical use.
Implications and Future Directions
- The study's findings have significant implications for the field of research and clinical practice. The development of PSC-derived immune cells as an alternative therapeutic strategy for various diseases could lead to more accessible and affordable treatments for patients. However, the study also identifies several limitations, such as the need for further optimization of the development process and the potential for immune-related side effects. Future research directions could focus on addressing these limitations and exploring the potential of PSC-derived immune cells in the treatment of specific diseases or conditions. The study suggests that further research is needed to optimize the development of PSC-derived immune cells for clinical use.