Chemical characterization and pharmacological properties of polysaccharides from Allium roseum leaves: In vitro and in vivo assays.

in International journal of biological macromolecules by Sara Kherroubi, Maram Morjen, Nesrine Teka, Farouk Mraihi, Najet Srairi-Abid, Didier Le Cerf, Naziha Marrakchi, Hatem Majdoub, Jamila Kalthoum Cherif, Jed Jebali, Riadh Ternane

TLDR

  • Allium roseum polysaccharides have potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties, making them a potential natural therapy for various diseases.
  • These findings demonstrate the biological activity of PARLs, which can be used as a natural antioxidant with anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects.

Abstract

Allium roseum is amongst the most important wild medicinal plants. It is known for its diverse biological properties, including antioxidant, antibacterial and antidiabetic activities. In this work, the polysaccharides (PARLs) were ultrasonically extracted from Allium roesum leaves then purified and analyzed by several techniques. Chemical composition and GC-MS analysis showed that the obtained polysaccharides were composed mainly of glucose (40.20 %), mannose (25.30 %), fructose (10.60 %) and galacturonic acid (15.11 %). Moreover, PARLs exhibited a potent antioxidant effect with higher capacities up to 69.61 % and 71.72 % for DPPH and ABTS free radicals, respectively. Furthermore, PARLs significantly modulated inflammatory response by reducing TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 pro-inflammatory mediators and promoting the anti-inflammatory IL-10 mediator in LPS stimulated THP-1 derived macrophages. The in-vivo tests proved that the extract was able to decrease carrageenan-induced rat paw swelling by around 68.15 % after 4 h of treatment. PARLs, significantly reduced the growth of U87 (glioblastoma) and IGROV-1 cancer cells with ICvalues of about 4.27 and 7.89 mg/mL respectively. This research clearly shows that Allium roseum polysaccharides can be used as natural antioxidants with anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties.

Overview

  • The study focuses on the extraction and analysis of polysaccharides from Allium roseum leaves, highlighting their biological properties and potential applications.
  • The researchers used ultrasonic extraction, followed by purification and analysis using various techniques, including chemical composition and GC-MS analysis.
  • The primary objective of the study is to investigate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties of Allium roseum polysaccharides.

Comparative Analysis & Findings

  • The obtained polysaccharides were composed mainly of glucose, mannose, fructose, and galacturonic acid, exhibiting a potent antioxidant effect with higher capacities against DPPH and ABTS free radicals.
  • PARLs significantly modulated inflammatory response by reducing pro-inflammatory mediators and promoting the anti-inflammatory IL-10 mediator in LPS-stimulated THP-1 derived macrophages.
  • The in-vivo tests demonstrated the extract's ability to decrease carrageenan-induced rat paw swelling by around 68.15% after 4 hours of treatment, while significantly reducing the growth of U87 and IGROV-1 cancer cells.

Implications and Future Directions

  • The findings suggest that Allium roseum polysaccharides can be used as natural antioxidants with anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties, offering potential therapeutic applications.
  • Future studies can build upon these results, exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying the observed effects and investigating the potential of PARLs as a treatment for various diseases.
  • The relatively low IC50 values obtained for cancer cell growth inhibition imply that PARLs may be a promising natural compound for cancer treatment, warranting further investigation.
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